the peasant chef

History of Bolognese

The history of Bolognese sauce, also known as ragù alla Bolognese, can be traced back to the 18th century: 
 
Origins
The origins of Bolognese sauce are related to the French ragout, a stew that became popular in the 18th century. The earliest documented recipe for a meat sauce served with pasta was recorded in Imola, near Bologna, in the late 18th century. 
 
First written recipe
The first written recipe for a Bolognese-style sauce was published in 1891 by Pellegrino Artusi in his cookbook La scienza in cucina e l’arte di mangiar bene. Artusi’s recipe was called maccheroni alla bolognese and was made with lean veal, butter, onions, carrots, and other ingredients. 
 
Spread of the sauce
The sauce spread from rich families to the poorest neighborhoods in Bologna, and old beef was added to improve the flavor. 
 
Spaghetti Bolognese
Spaghetti Bolognese was created outside of Italy in the 20th century and became popular in the United Kingdom and United States. 
 
Official recipe
In 1982, the Italian Academy of Cuisine gave the Chamber of Commerce of Bologna the official recipe for spaghetti Bolognese. 
 
Bolognese sauce can vary in many ways, including the type of meat used, the amount of meat, the type of fat, and the type of tomato. However, some commonalities include the use of meat as the primary ingredient and tomatoes as a secondary ingredient

Bolognese

Servings

6

servings
Prep time

30

minutes
Cooking time

40

minutes
Calories

300

kcal

Ingredients

  • 1 tablespoon vegetable oil

  • 3 tablespoons butter plus 1 tablespoon for tossing the pasta

  • ½ cup chopped onion

  • ⅔ cup chopped celery

  • ⅔ cup chopped carrot

  • ¾ pound ground beef chuck (or you can use 1 part pork to 2 parts beef)

  • Salt and Black pepper, ground fresh from the mill

  • 1 cup whole milk

  • Whole nutmeg

  • 1 cup dry white wine

  • 1½ cups canned imported Italian plum tomatoes, cut up, with their juice

  • 1¼ to 1½ pounds pasta - Tagliatelle

  • Freshly grated parmigiano-reggiano cheese at the table

Directions

  • Put the oil, butter and chopped onion in the pot and turn the heat on to medium. Cook and stir the onion until it has become translucent, then add the chopped celery and carrot. Cook for about 2 minutes, stirring vegetables to coat them well.

  • Add ground beef, a large pinch of salt and a few grindings of pepper. Crumble the meat with a fork, stir well and cook until the beef has lost its raw, red color.

  • Add milk and let it simmer gently, stirring frequently, until it has bubbled away completely. Add a tiny grating -- about ⅛ teaspoon -- of nutmeg, and stir.

  • Add the wine, let it simmer until it has evaporated, then add the tomatoes and stir thoroughly to coat all ingredients well. When the tomatoes begin to bubble, turn the heat down so that the sauce cooks at the laziest of simmers, with just an intermittent bubble breaking through to the surface. Cook, uncovered, for 3 hours or more, stirring from time to time. While the sauce is cooking, you are likely to find that it begins to dry out and the fat separates from the meat. To keep it from sticking, add ½ cup of water whenever necessary. At the end, however, no water at all must be left and the fat must separate from the sauce. Stir to mix the fat into the sauce, taste and correct for salt.

  • Toss with cooked drained pasta, adding the tablespoon of butter, and serve with freshly grated Parmesan on the side.

Updates

  • Added Italian herbs and cayenne pepper but this was too much.